Author Guidelines

Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara (e-ISSN: 2620-7400, p-ISSN: 2620-5262) invites scholars, researchers, defense practitioners, and policymakers to submit original research articles, theoretical analyses, and policy evaluations in the fields of defense, state defense (Bela Negara), national security, and strategic studies.

Before submitting, authors must ensure that their manuscript strictly complies with these guidelines, ethical standards, and the journal’s scope.

1. GENERAL SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS

  • Originality: Submissions must be original work, not previously published, and not currently under consideration by any other journal or publication platform.

  • Language: Manuscripts must be written in clear, concise, and grammatically correct Academic English or Bahasa Indonesia (using standard Indonesian spelling and structure according to EYD/PUEBI). Submissions written in Bahasa Indonesia must also provide an abstract, keywords, and article title in Academic English.

  • Plagiarism & Similarity: All submissions undergo similarity screening using plagiarism detection software (e.g., Turnitin) upon submission. Submissions must maintain an overall similarity index of no more than 20%. The journal will decline manuscripts exhibiting unethical similarity, uncredited paraphrasing, text recycling, or direct copying.

  • File Format: Submissions must be uploaded as editable Microsoft Word documents (.doc or .docx).

  • Anonymity for Peer Review: As the journal uses a Double-Anonymous Peer Review process, the main manuscript file must NOT contain author names, affiliations, email addresses, or self-identifying acknowledgments. Author details must only be submitted on a separate Title Page or entered into the metadata of the Open Journal Systems (OJS) submission portal.

The Title Page must contain:

  • Full Title: Clear, informative, and concise (maximum 15–20 words).

  • Author Information: Full names of all authors, institutional affiliations, departments, city, country, and email addresses.

  • Corresponding Author: Clearly indicate the corresponding author with an asterisk (*) and provide a full email address.

  • ORCID iDs: Provided for all authors where available

1. Title

Must be identical to the title provided on the Title Page.

2. Abstract

A single-paragraph structured abstract of 200 to 300 words summarizing:

  • The background and scholarly purpose of the study.

  • Main theoretical framework or methodology.

  • Key findings and primary conclusions.

  • Policy or theoretical implications for defense and national security.

3. Keywords

Provide 5 relevant keywords listed alphabetically, separated by semicolons, to facilitate indexation and research discovery.

4. Introduction

State the background of the study, research problem, research gap in existing literature, theoretical or conceptual framework, objectives, and significance of the study to defense and security studies.

5. Research Methods

Describe the methodological approach (qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods, policy analysis, or historical inquiry) with sufficient clarity and detail to permit critical assessment and reproducibility. Identify data collection methods, sampling, analytical tools, software, data sources, and ethical considerations.

6. Results and Discussion

The Results and Discussion section should present empirical or analytical findings and interpret them in a unified, logical narrative. Rather than merely describing data, authors must synthesize their empirical evidence with theoretical insights and evaluate its broader implications for defense scholarship and strategic policy.

Present the research findings clearly and logically. Support the narrative with high-resolution figures, maps, charts, and formatted tables. Do not repeat raw data in detail if summarized in tables or figures.

Interpret the findings in light of the research objectives, theoretical framework, and existing scholarly literature. Highlight theoretical advancements, policy implications, practical relevance to state defense (Bela Negara), limitations of the study, and avenues for future research.

8. Conclusion

Provide a concise summary synthesizing the key takeaways of the study without repeating results verbatim. Clearly state the main contribution of the research to defense theory or practice.