Authorship Criteria and Contributorship Policy

Policy Overview

Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara adheres strictly to the authorship standards recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Authorship confers academic credit and implies legal responsibility and accountability for published research.

1. Four Essential Criteria for Authorship

To qualify as an author, every individual listed on a submitted manuscript must meet ALL four of the following criteria:

1. Substantial Contribution: Significant contributions to the conception, design, or theoretical framework of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data.
2. Drafting and Revision: Drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content related to national defense, security strategy, or public policy.
3. Final Approval: Approval of the final version of the manuscript to be published.
4. Accountability: Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

2. Non-Author Contributors (Acknowledgements)

Contributors who do not meet all four criteria for authorship should not be listed as authors. Instead, their contributions should be explicitly credited in the Acknowledgements section before the Reference list. Examples of non-author contributions include:

• General administrative support, departmental oversight, or institutional leadership.
• Technical editing, language proofreading, or basic data entry.
• Acquisition of funding or provision of research facilities without intellectual participation in the study design or writing.

3. Unethical Authorship Practices

Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara strictly prohibits all forms of unethical authorship practices:

• Ghost Authorship: Omitting individuals who made substantial intellectual contributions to the research or writing.
• Guest/Honorary Authorship: Including individuals who made no significant contribution, simply due to their academic seniority, organizational position, or prestige.
• Gift Authorship: Adding individuals as a personal favor or in exchange for reciprocal authorship on other papers.

4. Role of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author acts as the primary contact between the authoring team and the editorial office throughout the submission, peer review, and publication workflow. The corresponding author is responsible for:

• Ensuring all eligible co-authors are included and non-contributors are excluded.
• Obtaining written consent from all co-authors prior to manuscript submission.
• Managing conflicts of interest disclosures, copyright agreements, and post-publication inquiries.

5. Authorship Changes

Any request to add, delete, or reorder authors after initial submission must be formally communicated by the corresponding author to the Editor-in-Chief. The request must include a clear written justification and an **Authorship Change Form** signed by all co-authors (including those being added or removed). Authorship changes are not permitted after a manuscript has been formally accepted for publication.