THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOMALIA’S FOREIGN POLICY WITH CHINA MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN FACING THE PIRACY (2008-2024) CASE STUDY: GULF OF ADEN AND SOMALIA SEA

Abstract

Somalia, with its strategic location in the Horn of Africa and extensive coastline, faces persistent challenges of piracy despite its potential as a regional maritime hub. The collapse of Somalia's government in 1991 created a power vacuum that fueled piracy, adversely affecting international trade and regional stability. This study examines the implementation of Somalia’s foreign policy with China's military involvement to combat piracy in the Gulf of Aden and Somali Sea from 2008 to 2024. Using a case study approach, it analyzes domestic and international factors influencing policy decisions, including Somalia's internal instability, economic collapse, and regional maritime dynamics. China's role, through its People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), highlights a strategic partnership focused on protecting key maritime routes and enhancing Somalia’s maritime security. Over 15 years, PLAN operations have evolved from protection-focused missions to joint patrols and multilateral exercises, significantly reducing piracy incidents. The collaboration has also supported Somalia's economic growth and regional stability, aligning with China's Belt and Road Initiative objectives. Despite these successes, the resurgence of piracy in 2024 underscores ongoing challenges, necessitating sustained international cooperation and adaptive strategies. This research concludes that Somalia's foreign policy, leveraging China's military and economic aid, demonstrates a pragmatic approach to safeguarding national interests and fostering regional stability. It highlights the interplay of internal vulnerabilities and global geopolitical strategies in addressing complex security issues, offering insights into the role of military diplomacy in international relations.