PENINGKATAN FEMALE PEACEKEEPERS INDONESIA DALAM MISI PEMELIHARAAN PERDAMAIAN PBB

Leonard F. Hutabarat(1*),

(1) LPPM UNHAN
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Abstrak – Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian mengalami evolusi yang meliputi pendekatan kemanusiaan yang lebih luas, personel wanita semakin meningkat menjadi bagian dari keluarga misi pemeliharaan perdamaian.PBB telah meminta lebih banyak penggelaran female peacekeepers guna memperkuat pendekatan “holistik†secara keseluruhan terhadap operasi-operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB saat ini.Banyak yang harus dilakukan dalam mengintegrasikan lebih banyak female peacekeepers kedalam misi-misi PBB. Lebih banyak female peacekeepers yang terlatih akan menjadi aset bagi masa depan operasi-operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian.Pada bulan Oktober 2000 Dewan Keamanan PBB telah menetapkan Resolusi 1325 mengenai Wanita, Perdamaian dan Keamanan. Resolusi tersebut dipandang sebagai resolusi landmark dimana pertama kali, Dewan Keamanan mengakui kontribusi wanita selama dan pasca konflik. Sejak ditetapkannya Resolusi 1325 tersebut, perhatian terhadap perspektif gender dalam agenda perdamaian internasional telah jelas ditempatkan dalam kerangka keamanan dan perdamaian yang lebih luas. Artikel ini menjelaskan peningkatan kontribusi jumlah personel female peacekeepers Indonesia pada periode 2009-2016 dan membahas mengapa Indonesia perlu mendukung dan mempertimbangkan mengirimkan lebih banyak female peacekeepers dalam operasi-operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB.


Kata Kunci : Pemelihara perdamaian wanita, gender, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, pemeliharaan perdamaian, Indonesia


Abstract – As peacekeeping has evolved to encompass a broader humanitarian approach, women personels have become increasingly part of the peacekeeping family.The UN has called for more deployment of female peacekeepers to enhance the overall “holistic†approach to current UN peacekeeping operations. There is clearly more work to be done to integrate more female peacekeepers into UN missions. More skilled and trained female peacekeepers can only be an asset to future peacekeeping operations.In October 2000, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. The resolution was hailed as a landmark resolution in that for the fi¬rst time, the Security Council recognised the contribution women make during and post-conflict. Since the adoption of Resolution 1325, attention to gender perspectives within the international peace agenda has ¬firmly been placed within the broader peace and security framework. This article explains the development of Indonesian female peacekeepers contribution in the period of 2009-20016 and argues why Indonesia needs to support and to consider deploying more female peacekeepers in UN peacekeeping operations.


Keywords: female peacekeepers, gender, United Nations, peacekeeping, Indonesia


Full Text:

PDF

References


Daftar Pustaka

Buku

Genugten, W.J.M. van, C. Homan, N.J. Schrijver, P.J.I.M de Waart. 2006. “Peace-Keeping and Peace-Enforcing Operations†in The United Nations of the Future Globalization with A Human Face. Amsterdam : KIT Publishers.

Hutabarat, Leonard F., H. Abdul Mun’im Ritonga, M. Zaim A. Nasution (Tim Deplu), 2007.Tinjauan mengenai Perkembangan Konflik Lebanon - Israel dan Peranan Indonesia dalam Pasukan Perdamaian PBB (UNIFIL). Jakarta : PT. Saba Widya Persada.

Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia. 2015. Buku Putih Pertahanan. Jakarta : Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia.

Sorenson, David S., and Pia Christina Wood, eds. 2005. The Politics of Peacekeeping in the Post-Cold War Era.London : Frank Cass.

United Nations. 2008. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations : Principles and Guidelines.New York : Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

_____________,2003. Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations. New York : Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

Jurnal

Bullion, Alan. 1997. “India and UN Peacekeeping Operationsâ€.International Peacekeeping. Vol. 4. No. 1.

Capie, David. 2016. “Indonesia as an Eerging Peacekeeping Power : Norm Revisionist or Pragmatic Provider ?â€. Contemporary Southeast Asia. Vol. 38. No. 1.

Gegout, Catherine. 2009. “The West, Realism and Intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1996-2006).International Peacekeeping. Vol. 16, No. 2.

Gill, Bates,dan Chin-Hao Huang. 2009. “China’s Expanding Role in Peacekeeping : Prospects and Policy Implicationâ€. SIPRI Policy Paper. Vol. 25.

Hutabarat, Leonard F. 2016. “Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian PBBâ€. Jurnal Pertahanan. Vol. 6. No. 2. Agustus.

__________________, 2014. “Indonesian Participation in the UN Peacekeeping as an Instrument of Foreign Policy : Challenges and Opportunitiesâ€. Global & Strategis. Tahun 8. No. 2. Juli-Desember 2014.

Krishnasamy, Kabilan. 2001. “Recognition for Third World Peacekeepers : India and Pakistanâ€. International Peacekeeping. Vol. 8. No. 4.

Neack, Laura. 1995. “UN Peace-keeping : In the Interest of Community or Self ?â€. Journal of Peace Research. Vol. 32. No. 2.

Undang-Undang / Peraturan

Undang-UndangNo. 37 Tahun 1999 tentang Hubungan Luar Negeri.

Undang-UndangNo. 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.

Undang-UndangNo. 3 Tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara.

Undang-Undang No. 34 Tahun 2004 tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia.

Peraturan Presiden No. 85 Tahun 2011 tentangTim Koordinasi Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian (TKMPP).

Peraturan Menteri Luar Negeri RI No. 05 Tahun 2015 tentang Peta Jalan Visi 4.000 Personel Pemelihara Perdamaian 2015-2019 (Roadmap Vision 4000 Peacekeepers 2015-2019).

Surat Kabar

Hutabarat, Leonard. 2015. “Indonesia dan Penjaga Perdamaian PBBâ€, Harian Pikiran Rakyat, 22Mei.

_________________. 2008. “Indonesia dan Pasukan Penjaga Perdamaian PBBâ€, Harian Kompas, 15 September.

Website

“Buku Putih Pertahanan Indonesia 2015â€, https://www.kemhan.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/BPPI-INDO-2015.pdf, diunduh pada 27 Jumi 2017.

“Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegrationâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/ddr.shtml, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Gender Statisticsâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/resources/statistics/gender.shtml, diunduh pada 12 Januari 2017.

Ivanovic, Alexandra,â€Why the United Nations Needs More Female Peacekeepersâ€,dalam http://unu.edu/publications/articles/why-un-needs-more-female-peacekeepers.html, diunduh pada 12 Januari 2017.

â€International Women’s Day 2017â€, http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/international-womens-day, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Kendaraan Khususâ€, https://www.pindad.com/special-vehicles, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Landmark resolution on Women, Peace and Securityâ€, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/wps/, diunduh pada 12 Januari 2017.

“Militaryâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/military/index.shtml, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Policy : Gender Equality in UN Peacekeeping Operationsâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/gender_directive_2010.pdf, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Pernyataan Pers Tahunanmenteri Luar Negeri Republik Indonesiaretno L.P. Marsuditahun 2017â€, http://www.kemlu.go.id/id/pidato/menlu/Documents/PPTM-2017-ID.pdf, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Resolution 1889 (2009), 5 October 2009â€,http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1889%282009%29, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Security Council Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security (Sexual Violence), 23rd of February 2012, Security Council ChamberStatement by Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, Hervé Ladsous, to the United Nationsâ€, http://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/dpko_wps_2012_0.pdf, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Security sector reformâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/security.shtml, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“UN Policeâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/police.shtml, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Women in peacekeepingâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/women/womeninpk.shtml, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.

“Where we workâ€, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/women/recentwork.shtml, diunduh pada 27 Juni 2017.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v7i2.180

Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara


INDEXED BY:
google_scholar garudacrosref onesearchsinta

Office Address:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Jl. Salemba Raya No.14, Paseban,Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10440, Indonesia
Email: jurnal.unhan@idu.ac.id



Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-SA)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.