Email this article 
PROXY WAR DAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL INDONESIA: VICTORIA CONCORDIA CRESCIT PROXY WAR AND INDONESIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY: VICTORY GROWS THROUGH HARMONY
(1)
(2)
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstrak – Perang proxy telah terjadi sejak zaman dahulu sampai dengan saat ini yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara besar menggunakan aktor negara maupun aktor non negara. Kepentingan nasional negara negara besar dalam rangka struggle for power dan power of influence mempengaruhi hubungan internasional. Proxy war memiliki motif dan menggunakan pendekatan hard power dan soft power dalam mencapai tujuannya. Indonesia dalam menghadapi strategi proxy war menjaga keamanan nasionalnya dari upaya disintegrasi dapat dihilangkan sehingga integrasi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia tetap utuh. Dalam menjaga integrasi bangsa tersebut maka Indonesia perlu melakukan kontra proxy. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data dari referensi dan literatur yang berhubungan dengan proxy war. Keabsahan dan keterandalan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi referensi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kontra proxy war dilakukan dengan menjaga Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang merupakan Opus Dei atas Indonesia, melakukan kebijakan yang tidak materialistik dan untuk kepentingan orang banyak (pro bono), dan menjaga keharmonian Indonesia.
Â
Kata Kunci : proxy war, motif perang proksi, keamanan nasional, kontra proxy war.
Â
Â
Abstract – Proxy war has been going on since ancient times until now carried out by the major powers by using state actors or non-state actors. National interests of major countries in the framework of struggle for power and power of influence affecting international relations. Proxy war has motives and approaches of hard power and soft power to achieve its goals. Indonesia in the face of proxy war strategy in order to maintain its national security efforts so that the disintegration can ce eliminated and integration of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia remain intact. In keeping with the integration of the nation, so Indonesia needs to do the counter proxy. This article uses a qualitative approach to the data source of reference and literature related to the proxy war. Validity and reliability of data was done by triangulation reference. The results showed that the counter proxy war can be conducted through maintaining unity in diversity which is Opus Dei on Indonesia, pursue policies that are not materialistic, and for the public good (pro bono), and maintain the harmony of Indonesia.
Â
Keywords: proxy war, motives of proxy war, national security, counter proxy war.
Full Text:
Tidak berjudulReferences
Buku
Ahram, Ariel I. 2011. Proxy Warriors: The Rise and Fall of State-Sponsored
Militias. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Albrecht, Peter dan Barnes, Karen. 2008.
Pembuatan Kebijakan Keamananan Nasional dan Gender. Geneva: Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces/DCAF.
Armitage, R. L. & Nye, J. S., 2007. CSIS Commission on Smart Power: A smarter, more secure America. Washington: CSIS Press.
Bean, Richard et al. 2010. The Great Game: Afghanistan (Oberon Modern Plays). First Edition. U.K: Oberon Books Limited.
Cooper, R. 2004. Hard Power, Soft Power and the Goals of Diplomacy. Dalam D. Held & M. Koenig-Archibugi (Eds). American Power in the 21st Century. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Dunne, Tim & Brian C. Schmidt. 2001. “Realismâ€, dalam John Baylis & Steve Smith (Eds), The Globalization of World Politics, 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Mesquita, Bruce Bueno & Alastair Smith. 2012. Domestic Explanations of International Relations, New York: Department of Politics New York University.
Harris, Shane. 2012. @War: The Rise of the Military-Internet Complex. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
Heywood, A. 2011. Global Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Foundation.
Hopkirk, Peter. 2006. The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia (Reprint Edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
Hell, David. 2004. Demokrasi dan Tatanan Global. Jogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Innes, Michael A. 2012. Making Sense of Proxy
Wars: States, Surrogates & the Use of Force. Dulles Virginia: Potomac Books
IPU dan DCAF. 2003. Parliamentary Oversight of the SecuritySector: Principles, Mechanisms and Practices (Pengawasan Parlemen atas Sektor Keamanan: Prinsip, Mekanisme dan Praktik). Jenewa: IPU dan DCAF.
Mumford, Andrew. 2013. Proxy Warfare. War and Conflict in the Modern World. Cambridge U.K: Polity Press.
Nye, Joseph S. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.
___, 2009. Understanding International Conflicts. 7th ed. New York: Pearson.
Stillman, Mike. 2008. Proxy Wars: The Business of War. Bloomington, Indiana: Trafford on Demand Pub.
Speed, E. L. 2012. Proxy War. Volume One: Phantom War Trilogy. Triburon, California, U.S: Metaterra Publications.
Simpson, Dick, James Nowlan, Elizabeth O’Shaughnessy. 2010. The Struggle for Power and Influence in Cities and States 1st Edition. London: Pearson.
Sekjen Wantannas. 2010. Keamanan Nasional: Sebuah Konsep Dan Sistem Keamanan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal Dewan Ketahanan Nasional.
Jurnal
Gallarotti, G. 2011. “Soft Power: what it is, it’s importance, and the conditions for its effective useâ€. Journal of Political Power. Vol. 4. No. 1.
Heng, Y.-K. 2010. “Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the softest of them all? Evaluating Japanese and Chinese strategies in the ‘soft’ power competitions eraâ€. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. Vol. 10.
Hermann, Margaret G. 1980. “Explaining Foreign Policy Behavior Using the Personal Characteristics of Political
Leadersâ€, International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 24. No. 1.
Nossel, S. 2004. “Smart Powerâ€. Foreign Affairs. Vol. 83. No.2.
Nye, Joseph S. 1990. “Soft Powerâ€. Foreign Policy. Issue 80.
-------, Joseph S. 2008. “Public Diplomacy and Soft Powerâ€. The ANNALS of the American Academy for Political and Social Science. Issue 616.
Smith-Windsor, B. A. 2000. “Hard Power, Soft Power Reconsidered†. Canadian Military Journal. Vol. 1. No. 3.
Wilson, E. J. 2008. “Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Powerâ€. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. Issue 616.
Majalah
S, Bambang Eko. 2015. “Urgensi UU Kamnas Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesiaâ€. Majalah Wira. Jakarta:
Kemhan RI Edisi Khusus.
Kamus
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. 2008.
Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. 2017.
Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary. 1994.
Website
Anggoro, Kusnanto “Keamanan Nasional, Pertahanan Negara, dan Ketertiban Umumâ€, Makalah Pembanding Seminar Pembangunan Hukum Nasional VllI. Diselenggarakan oleh Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional (Departemen Kehakiman dan HAM RI Hotel Kartika Plaza, Denpasar, 14 Juli 2003), dalam http://www.lfip.org/ english/pdf/bali-seminar/Keamanan%20 Nasional%20Pertahanan%20Negara%20 - %20koesnanto%20anggoro . pdf, diunduh pada 23 Februari 2017.
English Oxford Living Dictionaries. Proxy war, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/ definition/proxy_war, diakses pada 12 Februari 2014.
Elliot, 10 Greatest Proxy Wars Ever, http:// eskify.com/10-greatest-proxy-wars-ever/ diakses pada 12 Februari 2014.
Proxy War Reference, https://www. reference.com/education/proxy-war-b728308de84469fd, diakses pada 12 Februari 2014.
List of Proxy Wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/List_of_proxy_wars, diakses pada 12 Februari 2014.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v7i1.127
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara
INDEXED BY:
Office Address:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Jl. Salemba Raya No.14, Paseban,Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10440, Indonesia
Email: jurnal.unhan@idu.ac.id
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-SA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.