Email this article 
KEBIJAKAN THE SILK ROAD ECONOMIC BELT DALAM MENDUKUNG PROYEKSI GEOPOLITIK CINA DI KAWASAN
(1) Universitas Pertahanan
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Kebijakan pemerintah Cina dalam The Silk Road Economic Belt bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan infrastruktur transportasi jalur logisitik darat. Proyek infrastruktur jalur kereta api serta instalasi jalur pipa minyak dan gas membutuhkan investasi yang besar, serta kekuatan politik Cina dalam mempengaruhi setiap negara guna mendukung dan terlibat dalam mega proyek Belt Road Initiative. Dengan demikian arah kebijakan pemerintah Cina tersebut tentunya ditujukan guna melandasi proyeksi geopolitik Cina di kawasan. Rumusan masalah tersebut dibahas melalui teori geopolitik, geostrategi dan geoekonomi. Penggunaan metodologi deskriptif analisis, didukung dengan teknik pengumpulan data serta dilengkapi dengan sumber-sumber data yang relevan terhadap fenomena yang dibahas. Dalam kesimpulan, proyeksi geopolitik Cina menjadi tujuan utama bagi pemerintah Cina dalam kebijakan The Silk Road Economic Belt sangat beralasan. Asumsi teori geopilitik heartland menggambarkan bahwa penguasaan jalur logistik darat tersebut menopang upaya Cina untuk berpengaruh secara global dengan membangun jalur logistik yang selanjutnya menghubungkan Cina dengan dunia global, diantaranya wilayah Eropa, Asia, Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara.
Kata Kunci: Cina, the silk road economic belt, geopolitik
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Buku
Baylis, J. & Smith, S. 2001. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relation, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chaudary, M. A., & Chaudhary, G. 2009. Global Encyclopedia of Political Geography. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House.
Flint, C. 2006. Introduction to Geopolitics . New York: Routledge.
Fulton, J. 2019. China’s Changing Role In The Middle East. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.
Grygiel, J. J. 2006. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change . Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins. University Press.
Jones, M., Jones, R., & Woods, M. 2004. An introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place and Politics. London: Routledge.
Moleong, L. J. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sempa, F. P. 2002. Geopolitics: From The Cold War to the 21st Century . New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers .
Tuathail, G. O., Dalby , S., & Routledge , P. 1998. The Geopolitics Reader. New York : Routledge.
Jurnal
Doods, K., & Sidaway, J. D. 2004. “Halford Mackinder and the ‘Geographical Pivot of History : a Centranial Restropectiveâ€. The Geographical Journal. Vol. 170. No. 4.
Lin, C. 2019. “The Belt and Road and China’s Long-term Visions in the Middle Eastâ€. ISPSW Strategy Series.
Matthew, S. 2007. “Geopolitical Fears, Geoeconomic Hopes, and the Responsibilities of Geographyâ€. Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
Rolland, N. 2017. “China’s Eurasian Century? Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiativeâ€. The National Bureau of Asian Research.
Sarker, N. I., Hossin, A., & Hua, Y. 2018. “Oil, Gas and Energy Business under One Belt One Road Strategic Contextâ€. Scientific Research Publishing. Vol. 3. No. 2.
Zhang, H. 2015. “Building the Silk Road Economic Belt: Challenges in Central Asiaâ€. Cambridge Journal of China Studies. Vol. 2. No. 3.
Zhexin, Z. 2015. “China’s Pursuit of a New Asia-Pacific Security Architecture: Underlying Rationale, Ongoing Actions, and Future Prospectsâ€. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. Vol. 1. No. 4.
Zhexin, Z. 2018. “The Belt and Road Initiative China’s New Geopolitical Strategy? China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. Vol. 4. No. 3.
Laporan
Damuri, Y. R., Perkasa, V., Atje, R., & Hirawan, F. 2019. Perceptions and Readiness of Indonesia towards the Belt and Road Initiative. Jakarta: CSIS Indonesia.
Ghiasy, R., & Zhou, J. 2017. The Silk Road Economic Belt: Considering security implications and EU–China Cooperation Prospects. Solna: Stockholm International Peace Research Institut riedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Gill, I. 2017. Future Development Reads: China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Washington: Brookings Institution .
Jakóbowsk, J., Popławski, k., & kaczmarski, M. 2017. The Silk RailRoad The EU-China rail Connections: Background, Actors, Interests. Polandia: Center For Eastern DWS Studies.
Liu, X. 2006. “China’s Energy Security and Its Grand Strategyâ€. The Stanley Foundation. Policy Analysis Brief.
Lu, H., Rohr, C., Hafner, M., & Knak, A. 2018. China Belt & Road Initiative: Measuring The Impact of Improving Transport ofBuku
Baylis, J. & Smith, S. 2001. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relation, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chaudary, M. A., & Chaudhary, G. 2009. Global Encyclopedia of Political Geography. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House.
Flint, C. 2006. Introduction to Geopolitics . New York: Routledge.
Fulton, J. 2019. China’s Changing Role In The Middle East. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.
Grygiel, J. J. 2006. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change . Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins. University Press.
Jones, M., Jones, R., & Woods, M. 2004. An introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place and Politics. London: Routledge.
Moleong, L. J. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sempa, F. P. 2002. Geopolitics: From The Cold War to the 21st Century . New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers .
Tuathail, G. O., Dalby , S., & Routledge , P. 1998. The Geopolitics Reader. New York : Routledge.
Jurnal
Doods, K., & Sidaway, J. D. 2004. “Halford Mackinder and the ‘Geographical Pivot of History : a Centranial Restropectiveâ€. The Geographical Journal. Vol. 170. No. 4.
Lin, C. 2019. “The Belt and Road and China’s Long-term Visions in the Middle Eastâ€. ISPSW Strategy Series.
Matthew, S. 2007. “Geopolitical Fears, Geoeconomic Hopes, and the Responsibilities of Geographyâ€. Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
Rolland, N. 2017. “China’s Eurasian Century? Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiativeâ€. The National Bureau of Asian Research.
Sarker, N. I., Hossin, A., & Hua, Y. 2018. “Oil, Gas and Energy Business under One Belt One Road Strategic Contextâ€. Scientific Research Publishing. Vol. 3. No. 2.
Zhang, H. 2015. “Building the Silk Road Economic Belt: Challenges in Central Asiaâ€. Cambridge Journal of China Studies. Vol. 2. No. 3.
Zhexin, Z. 2015. “China’s Pursuit of a New Asia-Pacific Security Architecture: Underlying Rationale, Ongoing Actions, and Future Prospectsâ€. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. Vol. 1. No. 4.
Zhexin, Z. 2018. “The Belt and Road Initiative China’s New Geopolitical Strategy? China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. Vol. 4. No. 3.
Laporan
Damuri, Y. R., Perkasa, V., Atje, R., & Hirawan, F. 2019. Perceptions and Readiness of Indonesia towards the Belt and Road Initiative. Jakarta: CSIS Indonesia.
Ghiasy, R., & Zhou, J. 2017. The Silk Road Economic Belt: Considering security implications and EU–China Cooperation Prospects. Solna: Stockholm International Peace Research Institut riedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Gill, I. 2017. Future Development Reads: China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Washington: Brookings Institution .
Jakóbowsk, J., Popławski, k., & kaczmarski, M. 2017. The Silk RailRoad The EU-China rail Connections: Background, Actors, Interests. Polandia: Center For Eastern DWS Studies.
Liu, X. 2006. “China’s Energy Security and Its Grand Strategyâ€. The Stanley Foundation. Policy Analysis Brief.
Lu, H., Rohr, C., Hafner, M., & Knak, A. 2018. China Belt & Road Initiative: Measuring The Impact of Improving Transport ofBuku
Baylis, J. & Smith, S. 2001. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relation, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chaudary, M. A., & Chaudhary, G. 2009. Global Encyclopedia of Political Geography. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House.
Flint, C. 2006. Introduction to Geopolitics . New York: Routledge.
Fulton, J. 2019. China’s Changing Role In The Middle East. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.
Grygiel, J. J. 2006. Great Powers and Geopolitical Change . Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins. University Press.
Jones, M., Jones, R., & Woods, M. 2004. An introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place and Politics. London: Routledge.
Moleong, L. J. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sempa, F. P. 2002. Geopolitics: From The Cold War to the 21st Century . New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers .
Tuathail, G. O., Dalby , S., & Routledge , P. 1998. The Geopolitics Reader. New York : Routledge.
Jurnal
Doods, K., & Sidaway, J. D. 2004. “Halford Mackinder and the ‘Geographical Pivot of History : a Centranial Restropectiveâ€. The Geographical Journal. Vol. 170. No. 4.
Lin, C. 2019. “The Belt and Road and China’s Long-term Visions in the Middle Eastâ€. ISPSW Strategy Series.
Matthew, S. 2007. “Geopolitical Fears, Geoeconomic Hopes, and the Responsibilities of Geographyâ€. Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
Rolland, N. 2017. “China’s Eurasian Century? Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiativeâ€. The National Bureau of Asian Research.
Sarker, N. I., Hossin, A., & Hua, Y. 2018. “Oil, Gas and Energy Business under One Belt One Road Strategic Contextâ€. Scientific Research Publishing. Vol. 3. No. 2.
Zhang, H. 2015. “Building the Silk Road Economic Belt: Challenges in Central Asiaâ€. Cambridge Journal of China Studies. Vol. 2. No. 3.
Zhexin, Z. 2015. “China’s Pursuit of a New Asia-Pacific Security Architecture: Underlying Rationale, Ongoing Actions, and Future Prospectsâ€. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. Vol. 1. No. 4.
Zhexin, Z. 2018. “The Belt and Road Initiative China’s New Geopolitical Strategy? China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. Vol. 4. No. 3.
Laporan
Damuri, Y. R., Perkasa, V., Atje, R., & Hirawan, F. 2019. Perceptions and Readiness of Indonesia towards the Belt and Road Initiative. Jakarta: CSIS Indonesia.
Ghiasy, R., & Zhou, J. 2017. The Silk Road Economic Belt: Considering security implications and EU–China Cooperation Prospects. Solna: Stockholm International Peace Research Institut riedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Gill, I. 2017. Future Development Reads: China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Washington: Brookings Institution .
Jakóbowsk, J., Popławski, k., & kaczmarski, M. 2017. The Silk RailRoad The EU-China rail Connections: Background, Actors, Interests. Polandia: Center For Eastern DWS Studies.
Liu, X. 2006. “China’s Energy Security and Its Grand Strategyâ€. The Stanley Foundation. Policy Analysis Brief.
Lu, H., Rohr, C., Hafner, M., & Knak, A. 2018. China Belt & Road Initiative: Measuring The Impact of Improving Transport of The Region - a proof of Consept Study. Cambridge: the RAND Corporation.
London Corporation. 2018. Building an Investment and Financing System for the Belt and Road Initiative: How London and Other Global Financial Centres Can support. London: People’s Bank of China and the City of London Corporation.
OECD. 2018. China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the global trade, investment and finance landscape. OECD Business and Financial Outlook.
Skripsi
Iriawan, S. 2017. “Strategi Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia dalam Menciptakan Geopolitics of Cooperation di Kawasan Asia-Pasifikâ€. Skripsi. Bogor: Universitas Pertahanan.
Website
Al Arabiya, “Saudi Arabia to Include Chinese Language in Educational
Curriculumâ€, 22 Febuari 2019, Center of Gulf State Educational, dalam http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2019/02/22/Saudi-Arabia-to-include-Chinese-language-in-educational-curriculum.html, diakses pada 29 April 2020.
Beltandroad.news, “Financing and Funding for the Belt & Road Initiativeâ€, 17 Mei 2019, dalam https://www.beltandroad.news/2019/05/17/financing-and-funding-for-the-belt-road-initiative/, diakses pada 26 April 2020.
Blanchard, J.-M. F, “Revisiting the Resurrected Debate About Chinese Neocolonialismâ€, 8 Februari 2018, dalam https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/revisiting-the-resurrected-debate-about-chinese-neocolonialism/, diakses pada 29 April 2020.
ChinaDaily, “Belt and Road Initiative Projects: Full Listâ€, 29 Mei 2019, dalam https://www.telegraph.co.uk/china-watch/business/belt-road-projects-list/, diakses pada 30 Januari 2020.
Chinadaily.com.cn, “Belt & Road Initiative Expands China-Iran Cooperation, 25 Januari 2019, dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/25/WS5c4aa81da3106c65c34e6912.html, diakses pada 21 Maret 2020.
CNPC, “Flow of natural gas from Central Asiaâ€, 7 Februari 2016, dalam http://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/FlowofnaturalgasfromCentralAsia/Flowofnaturalgasfrom CentralAsia2.shtml, diakses pada 22 Maret 2020.
EIA, “China International energy data and analysisâ€, 19 Februari 2017, dalam https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis-includes/countries_long/China/china.pdf, diakses pada 24 Maret 2020.
Fulton, J, “For China, the Belt and Road Run through the Middle Eastâ€, 14 Juli 2018 dalam https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2155258/china-belt-and-road-run-through-middle-east, diakses pada 13 Maret 2020.
Globalresearch.ca, “Power of Siberia: Putin and the ‘Biden Memorial Pipeline’ to Chinaâ€, 8 December 2019, Center For Research & Globalization, dalam https://www.globalresearch.ca/putin-biden-memorial-pipeline-china/5697008, diakses pada 17 Januari 2020.
Jinchen, T, “Road : Connecting China and the World, McKinsey & Companyâ€, 25 Mei 2017, dalam http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure-our-insights-one-belt-and-one-road-connecting-china-and-the-world, diakses pada 31 Januari 2020.
Liang, S, “Can China Link the Belt and Road Initiative by Rail?â€, 29 Agustus 2019, dalam https://www.e-ir.info/2019/03/29/can-china-link-the-belt-and-road-initiative-by-rail/, diakses pada 8 Januari 2020.
Ourfiniteworld.com, “China Energy Production by Fuel Plus Total Consumption to 2018â€, 11 Juni 2019, dalam https://ourfiniteworld.com/2019/06/12/seven-reasons-why-we-should-not-depend-on-imported-goods-from-china/china-energy-production-by-fuel-plus-total-consumption-to-2018/, diakses pada 9 Januari 2020.
Reuters, “China’s Sinomach to build $845 million railway in western Iranâ€, 21 Maret 2018, dalam https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-sinomach-iran/chinas-sinomach-to-build-845-million-railway-in-western-iran-idUSKBN1GX07L, diakses pada 3 Januari 2020.
Reuters.com, “China to launch new state oil and gas pipeline group next week: noticeâ€, 6 Desember 2019, dalam https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-gas-pipeline/china-to-launch-new-state-oil-and-gas-pipeline-group-next-week-notice-idUSKBN1YA118, diakses pada 11 Desember 2020.
Shijia, O, “National oil and gas pipeline network launchedâ€, 9 December 2019, dalamhttps://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201912/09/WS5deddc31a310cf3e3557ce11.html
Silkroadbriefing.com, “Who is Financing the New Economic Silk Road?†10 Juli 2020, dalam https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2019/07/10/financing-new-economic-silk-road/, diakses pada 9 Januari 2020.
Tata, S, “Deconstructing China’s Energy Security Strategyâ€, 14 Januari 2017, dalam https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/deconstructing-chinas-energy-security-strategy/, diakses pada 11 Februari 2020.
thenews.com.pk, “Pakistan, China agree to work on four key projects for oil, gas cooperationâ€, 16 November 2019, dalam https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/555357-pakistan-china-agree-to-work-on-four-key-projects-for-oil-gas-cooperation, diakses pada 12 Februari 2020.
TheReuters, “First Freight Train from China Arrives in Iran in ‘Silk Road’ Boostâ€, 16 Februari 2016, dalam https://www.reuters.com/article/uschina-iran-railway-idUSKCN0VP0W8, diakses pada 13 Februari 2020.
Tribune, F, “Chinese Company Signs Rail Deal With Iranâ€, 3 Januari 2018, dalam https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/79296/chinese-company-signs-rail-deal-with-iran, diakses pada 19 Februari 2020.
XiJinping, “Responsibility of Our Times, Promote Global Growth, Opening Session of the World Economic Forum Annual Meetingâ€, 2017, http://www.china.org.cn/node_7247529/content_40569136.htm, diakses pada 13 Februari 2020.
Xinhuanet.com, “China sees stronger trade, investment ties with BRI countriesâ€, 29 September 2019, dalam http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019, diakses pada 21 Januari 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v10i2.877
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara
INDEXED BY:
Office Address:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Jl. Salemba Raya No.14, Paseban,Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10440, Indonesia
Email: jurnal.unhan@idu.ac.id
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-SA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara Stats